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청소년기 특발성 척추측만증의 보조기 치료: 근거와 안내

보조기는 정말 수술을 피하게 해 줄까요? BrAIST 시험, Cochrane 리뷰, SOSORT 권고, 코브각별 관리 방침을 정리했습니다.

청소년기 특발성 척추측만증의 보조기 치료: 근거와 안내

청소년기 특발성 척추측만증(AIS)은 사춘기 아동의 약 2~3%에서 나타납니다. 아직 자라고 있고 만곡이 충분히 큰 아이에게 보조기는 다기관 무작위 시험에서 수술 비율을 낮춘다고 입증된 유일한 비수술 치료입니다.

아래는 근거와 권고를 요약한 것입니다. 표와 출처를 갖춘 전체 글은 베트남어와 영어로 제공됩니다.

핵심 요약

  • 치료하지 않으면 AIS 아동 10명 중 약 4명에서 만곡이 진행합니다.
  • 가장 위험한 시기는 사춘기 성장 정점이며, 50° 기준이 성인기 예후를 좌우합니다.
  • 보조기는 만곡 20° ± 5° 이상이고 진행 위험이 있는 성장기 아동(Risser 0~3)에게 권고됩니다(SOSORT 2016).
  • 야간 보조기(CONTRAIS, 2024): 성공률 76%, 특이 운동 58%, 신체 활동만 53%.
  • 운동(Schroth/PSSE)은 이점이 작으며 보조기를 대체하기보다 함께 할 때 가장 효과적입니다.

과학적 근거

  • BrAIST: 242명, 코브각 20~40°, Risser 0~2. 보조기의 효과가 뚜렷해 조기 중단되었습니다.
  • Cochrane 2015: 7개 연구, 청소년 662명 — 보조기가 만곡 진행을 막습니다.
  • 보조기 착용 시 초기 교정은 성공과 강하게 연관됩니다(Eur Spine J, 2019).
  • 전자 모니터링은 평균 착용 시간을 하루 3.47시간 늘렸습니다(PLOS ONE, 2022).
  • 클리닉 사례: 15세, 코브각 38.65°. 주간·야간 보조기 2벌로 약 14개월 후 보조기 없이 10°, 주간 보조기 착용 시 0.2°, 야간 보조기 착용 시 −2.6°. 보조기 내 교정이 클수록 결과가 좋은 경향이 있습니다. van den Bogaart(Eur Spine J 2019, 26개 연구)는 초기 보조기 내 교정 부족이 치료 실패와 연관된다는 강한 근거를 제시했고, Emans(Spine 1986, 295명), Katz(JBJS 2010)는 하루 12시간 초과 착용군의 82%가 진행 없음(7시간 미만 31%)이었습니다. 이는 연관성이지 인과의 증명이 아닙니다.
How to read: each horizontal bar is a group of children; the longer the bar, the higher the success rate. SUCCESS means that when growth ended the Cobb angle was still below 50° (no surgery). Observation only: 48%. Brace worn 0–6 hours/day: 41%. Brace worn 12.9 hours/day or more: 90–93%. Wear time was measured by heat sensors inside the brace, so it is a real measurement rather than self-report; the link between hours worn and success was statistically significant (P < 0.001). Note that this is an analysis by actual wear time, so children who wore it longer may also differ in other ways. Source: Weinstein et al., NEJM 2013;369:1512–1521 (242 children, Cobb 20°–40°, Risser 0–2).
How to read: each horizontal bar is a group of children; the longer the bar, the higher the success rate. SUCCESS means that when growth ended the Cobb angle was still below 50° (no surgery). Observation only: 48%. Brace worn 0–6 hours/day: 41%. Brace worn 12.9 hours/day or more: 90–93%. Wear time was measured by heat sensors inside the brace, so it is a real measurement rather than self-report; the link between hours worn and success was statistically significant (P < 0.001). Note that this is an analysis by actual wear time, so children who wore it longer may also differ in other ways. Source: Weinstein et al., NEJM 2013;369:1512–1521 (242 children, Cobb 20°–40°, Risser 0–2).
How the Cobb angle is assessed and what each range means (source: dungcuchinhhinh.vn)
How the Cobb angle is assessed and what each range means (source: dungcuchinhhinh.vn)
Brace principle: pressure areas and cut-out (relief) areas (source: dungcuchinhhinh.vn)
Brace principle: pressure areas and cut-out (relief) areas (source: dungcuchinhhinh.vn)
Guided scoliosis-specific exercise (source: dungcuchinhhinh.vn)
Guided scoliosis-specific exercise (source: dungcuchinhhinh.vn)
Examples of exercises: quadruped, bar hang/squat, unilateral kneeling, lateral flexion sitting (source: dungcuchinhhinh.vn)
Examples of exercises: quadruped, bar hang/squat, unilateral kneeling, lateral flexion sitting (source: dungcuchinhhinh.vn)
How to read the films: four standing X-rays of the same patient, shown at the same size for easy comparison. The first tile (orange frame) is before treatment (2 August 2022): the orange lines are the Cobb-angle measurement lines, result 38.65°. The other three tiles (green frames) were taken on 24 October 2023, after about 14 months: out of brace (10°), in the night brace (−2.6°, curved to the opposite side) and in the day brace (0.2°); the bright round and elongated objects are the pads and frame of the brace. The large figure under each film is the Cobb angle. The patient-name line printed on the films has been masked; everything else is kept as on the original films. Image source: dungcuchinhhinh.vn.
How to read the films: four standing X-rays of the same patient, shown at the same size for easy comparison. The first tile (orange frame) is before treatment (2 August 2022): the orange lines are the Cobb-angle measurement lines, result 38.65°. The other three tiles (green frames) were taken on 24 October 2023, after about 14 months: out of brace (10°), in the night brace (−2.6°, curved to the opposite side) and in the day brace (0.2°); the bright round and elongated objects are the pads and frame of the brace. The large figure under each film is the Cobb angle. The patient-name line printed on the films has been masked; everything else is kept as on the original films. Image source: dungcuchinhhinh.vn.

실천 조언

  • 초기 징후를 살피세요: 어깨 높이 차이, 튀어나온 견갑골, 비대칭 허리선, 숙일 때 늑골 융기.
  • 아이가 자라는 동안 전문의 진찰과 엑스레이를 받으세요.
  • 보조기는 개인별로 제작하고 보조기 내 교정을 확인하며 성장에 맞춰 조정합니다.
  • 착용 시간(하루 12.9시간 이상), 피부, 아이의 기분을 살피세요. 추적 엑스레이는 보통 6개월 이상 간격을 둡니다.

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참고 문헌

  1. Weinstein SL, Dolan LA, Wright JG, Dobbs MB. Effects of bracing in adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis. N Engl J Med. 2013;369(16):1512–1521.
  2. Negrini S, Minozzi S, Bettany-Saltikov J, et al. Braces for idiopathic scoliosis in adolescents. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015;(6):CD006850.
  3. Romano M, Minozzi S, Bettany-Saltikov J, et al. Therapeutic exercises for idiopathic scoliosis in adolescents. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2024;2:CD007837.
  4. Negrini S, Donzelli S, Aulisa AG, et al. 2016 SOSORT guidelines: orthopaedic and rehabilitation treatment of idiopathic scoliosis during growth. Scoliosis Spinal Disord. 2018;13:3.
  5. Yang S, Cai F, Xie R, et al. Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis non-surgical interventions: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of Cobb angle and SRS-22 outcomes. Front Pediatr. 2026;14:1908709.
  6. Po EYP, Yang M, Takemura N, et al. Global prevalence of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis between 1975 and 2025: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Spine. 2026.
  7. Kuru T, Yeldan İ, Dereli EE, et al. The efficacy of three-dimensional Schroth exercises in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: a randomised controlled clinical trial. Clin Rehabil. 2016;30(2):181–190.
  8. Wang S, Zhao J, Hu X, et al. Psychosocial burden of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: a systematic review and meta-synthesis of patient and caregiver perspectives. Health Expect. 2026.
  9. The effects of exercise on patients with moderate adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Orthop Rev. 2025. PMID: 40476023.
  10. Physiotherapy management of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (Invited Topical Review). J Physiother. 2025.
  11. Di Felice F, Zaina F, Donzelli S, Negrini S. The natural history of idiopathic scoliosis during growth: a meta-analysis. Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 2018;97(5):346–356.
  12. Puberty changes the natural history of idiopathic scoliosis: three prediction models for future radiographic curve severity from 1563 consecutive patients. Eur Spine J. 2024.
  13. Prediction of future curve angle using prior radiographs in previously untreated idiopathic scoliosis: natural history from age 6 to after the end of growth (SOSORT 2022 award winner). Eur Spine J. 2023.
  14. Karol LA, Virostek D, Felton K, Jo C, Butler L. The effect of the Risser stage on bracing outcome in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2016;98(15):1253–1259.
  15. Hình ảnh minh họa / Illustrations: dungcuchinhhinh.vn (website của Lê Hoàn Prosthetics & Orthotics)
  16. Cheng JC, Castelein RM, Chu WC, et al. Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2015;1:15030. PMID 27188385.
  17. Weinstein SL, Dolan LA, Spratt KF, et al. Health and function of patients with untreated idiopathic scoliosis: a 50-year natural history study. JAMA. 2003;289(5):559–567. PMID 12578488.
  18. Lonstein JE, Carlson JM. The prediction of curve progression in untreated idiopathic scoliosis during growth. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1984;66(7):1061–1071. PMID 6480635.
  19. Dolan LA, Weinstein SL. Surgical rates after observation and bracing for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: an evidence-based review. Spine. 2007;32(19 Suppl):S91–S100. PMID 17728687.
  20. Karavidas N. Bracing in the treatment of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: evidence to date. Adolesc Health Med Ther. 2019;10:153–172. PMID 31632169.
  21. Kuroki H, Inomata N, Hamanaka H, et al. Efficacy of the Osaka Medical College (OMC) brace in the treatment of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis following Scoliosis Research Society brace studies criteria. Scoliosis. 2015;10:12 (Japan). PMID 25932040.
  22. Kuroki H. Brace treatment for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. J Clin Med. 2018;7(6):136 (Japan). PMID 29867010.
  23. van den Bogaart M, van Royen BJ, Haanstra TM, de Kleuver M, Faraj SSA. Predictive factors for brace treatment outcome in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: a best-evidence synthesis. Eur Spine J. 2019;28(3):511–525. PMID 30607519.
  24. Emans JB, Kaelin A, Bancel P, Hall JE, Miller ME. The Boston bracing system for idiopathic scoliosis: follow-up results in 295 patients. Spine. 1986;11(8):792–801. PMID 3810295.
  25. Katz DE, Herring JA, Browne RH, Kelly DM, Birch JG. Brace wear control of curve progression in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2010;92(6):1343–1352. PMID 20516309.
  26. Almansour H, Pepke W, Bruckner T, Diebo BG, Akbar M. Three-dimensional analysis of initial brace correction in the setting of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. J Clin Med. 2019;8(11):1804. PMID 31661811.

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