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Корсеты при идиопатическом сколиозе у подростков: данные и рекомендации

Помогает ли корсет избежать операции? Исследование BrAIST, обзоры Cochrane, рекомендации SOSORT и тактика по углу Кобба.

Корсеты при идиопатическом сколиозе у подростков: данные и рекомендации

Адолесцентный идиопатический сколиоз (АИС) встречается примерно у 2–3% детей в пубертате. У растущих детей с достаточно большой кривизной корсет — единственный нехирургический метод, который в многоцентровом рандомизированном исследовании снизил частоту операций.

Ниже — краткое изложение данных и рекомендаций. Полная статья с таблицами и источниками доступна на вьетнамском и английском языках.

Главное

  • Около 4 из 10 детей с АИС без лечения имеют прогрессирование кривизны.
  • Опасный период — пик роста в пубертате; порог 50° определяет прогноз во взрослом возрасте.
  • Корсет показан растущим детям (Risser 0–3) с кривизной от 20° ± 5° и риском прогрессирования (SOSORT 2016).
  • Ночной корсет (CONTRAIS, 2024): успех 76% против 58% при специальных упражнениях и 53% при одной физической активности.
  • Упражнения (Schroth/PSSE) дают небольшую пользу и работают лучше вместе с корсетом, а не вместо него.

Научные данные

  • BrAIST: 242 ребёнка, Cobb 20–40°, Risser 0–2; исследование остановлено досрочно из-за явной эффективности корсета.
  • Cochrane 2015: 7 исследований, 662 подростка — корсеты предотвращают прогрессирование.
  • Начальная коррекция в корсете сильно связана с успехом (Eur Spine J, 2019).
  • Электронный мониторинг увеличивает время ношения в среднем на 3,47 часа/сутки (PLOS ONE, 2022).
  • Пример из клиники: 15-летний пациент, дуга 38,65° Cобба; через ~14 месяцев с двумя корсетами (дневной и ночной) — 10° без корсета, 0,2° в дневном и −2,6° в ночном корсете. Бóльшая коррекция в корсете связана с лучшим исходом: систематический обзор van den Bogaart (Eur Spine J 2019, 26 исследований) — сильные данные, что отсутствие начальной коррекции в корсете связано с неудачей; Emans (Spine 1986, 295 пациентов); Katz (JBJS 2010): без прогрессирования у 82% при ношении более 12 ч/сут против 31% при менее 7 ч. Это связь, а не доказательство причины.
How to read: each horizontal bar is a group of children; the longer the bar, the higher the success rate. SUCCESS means that when growth ended the Cobb angle was still below 50° (no surgery). Observation only: 48%. Brace worn 0–6 hours/day: 41%. Brace worn 12.9 hours/day or more: 90–93%. Wear time was measured by heat sensors inside the brace, so it is a real measurement rather than self-report; the link between hours worn and success was statistically significant (P < 0.001). Note that this is an analysis by actual wear time, so children who wore it longer may also differ in other ways. Source: Weinstein et al., NEJM 2013;369:1512–1521 (242 children, Cobb 20°–40°, Risser 0–2).
How to read: each horizontal bar is a group of children; the longer the bar, the higher the success rate. SUCCESS means that when growth ended the Cobb angle was still below 50° (no surgery). Observation only: 48%. Brace worn 0–6 hours/day: 41%. Brace worn 12.9 hours/day or more: 90–93%. Wear time was measured by heat sensors inside the brace, so it is a real measurement rather than self-report; the link between hours worn and success was statistically significant (P < 0.001). Note that this is an analysis by actual wear time, so children who wore it longer may also differ in other ways. Source: Weinstein et al., NEJM 2013;369:1512–1521 (242 children, Cobb 20°–40°, Risser 0–2).
How the Cobb angle is assessed and what each range means (source: dungcuchinhhinh.vn)
How the Cobb angle is assessed and what each range means (source: dungcuchinhhinh.vn)
Brace principle: pressure areas and cut-out (relief) areas (source: dungcuchinhhinh.vn)
Brace principle: pressure areas and cut-out (relief) areas (source: dungcuchinhhinh.vn)
Guided scoliosis-specific exercise (source: dungcuchinhhinh.vn)
Guided scoliosis-specific exercise (source: dungcuchinhhinh.vn)
Examples of exercises: quadruped, bar hang/squat, unilateral kneeling, lateral flexion sitting (source: dungcuchinhhinh.vn)
Examples of exercises: quadruped, bar hang/squat, unilateral kneeling, lateral flexion sitting (source: dungcuchinhhinh.vn)
How to read the films: four standing X-rays of the same patient, shown at the same size for easy comparison. The first tile (orange frame) is before treatment (2 August 2022): the orange lines are the Cobb-angle measurement lines, result 38.65°. The other three tiles (green frames) were taken on 24 October 2023, after about 14 months: out of brace (10°), in the night brace (−2.6°, curved to the opposite side) and in the day brace (0.2°); the bright round and elongated objects are the pads and frame of the brace. The large figure under each film is the Cobb angle. The patient-name line printed on the films has been masked; everything else is kept as on the original films. Image source: dungcuchinhhinh.vn.
How to read the films: four standing X-rays of the same patient, shown at the same size for easy comparison. The first tile (orange frame) is before treatment (2 August 2022): the orange lines are the Cobb-angle measurement lines, result 38.65°. The other three tiles (green frames) were taken on 24 October 2023, after about 14 months: out of brace (10°), in the night brace (−2.6°, curved to the opposite side) and in the day brace (0.2°); the bright round and elongated objects are the pads and frame of the brace. The large figure under each film is the Cobb angle. The patient-name line printed on the films has been masked; everything else is kept as on the original films. Image source: dungcuchinhhinh.vn.

Практические советы

  • Замечайте ранние признаки: асимметрия плеч, выступающая лопатка, неровная талия, рёберный горб при наклоне.
  • Обращайтесь к специалисту и делайте рентген, пока ребёнок растёт.
  • Корсет делают индивидуально, проверяют коррекцию в корсете и подстраивают по мере роста.
  • Следите за часами ношения (≥ 12,9 ч/сут), кожей и настроением ребёнка; повторный рентген — обычно не чаще чем раз в 6 месяцев.

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Если у вашего ребёнка есть признаки сколиоза или назначен корсет, приходите с рентгеновскими снимками: +84 985 211 888.

Источники

  1. Weinstein SL, Dolan LA, Wright JG, Dobbs MB. Effects of bracing in adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis. N Engl J Med. 2013;369(16):1512–1521.
  2. Negrini S, Minozzi S, Bettany-Saltikov J, et al. Braces for idiopathic scoliosis in adolescents. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015;(6):CD006850.
  3. Romano M, Minozzi S, Bettany-Saltikov J, et al. Therapeutic exercises for idiopathic scoliosis in adolescents. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2024;2:CD007837.
  4. Negrini S, Donzelli S, Aulisa AG, et al. 2016 SOSORT guidelines: orthopaedic and rehabilitation treatment of idiopathic scoliosis during growth. Scoliosis Spinal Disord. 2018;13:3.
  5. Yang S, Cai F, Xie R, et al. Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis non-surgical interventions: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of Cobb angle and SRS-22 outcomes. Front Pediatr. 2026;14:1908709.
  6. Po EYP, Yang M, Takemura N, et al. Global prevalence of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis between 1975 and 2025: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Spine. 2026.
  7. Kuru T, Yeldan İ, Dereli EE, et al. The efficacy of three-dimensional Schroth exercises in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: a randomised controlled clinical trial. Clin Rehabil. 2016;30(2):181–190.
  8. Wang S, Zhao J, Hu X, et al. Psychosocial burden of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: a systematic review and meta-synthesis of patient and caregiver perspectives. Health Expect. 2026.
  9. The effects of exercise on patients with moderate adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Orthop Rev. 2025. PMID: 40476023.
  10. Physiotherapy management of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (Invited Topical Review). J Physiother. 2025.
  11. Di Felice F, Zaina F, Donzelli S, Negrini S. The natural history of idiopathic scoliosis during growth: a meta-analysis. Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 2018;97(5):346–356.
  12. Puberty changes the natural history of idiopathic scoliosis: three prediction models for future radiographic curve severity from 1563 consecutive patients. Eur Spine J. 2024.
  13. Prediction of future curve angle using prior radiographs in previously untreated idiopathic scoliosis: natural history from age 6 to after the end of growth (SOSORT 2022 award winner). Eur Spine J. 2023.
  14. Karol LA, Virostek D, Felton K, Jo C, Butler L. The effect of the Risser stage on bracing outcome in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2016;98(15):1253–1259.
  15. Hình ảnh minh họa / Illustrations: dungcuchinhhinh.vn (website của Lê Hoàn Prosthetics & Orthotics)
  16. Cheng JC, Castelein RM, Chu WC, et al. Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2015;1:15030. PMID 27188385.
  17. Weinstein SL, Dolan LA, Spratt KF, et al. Health and function of patients with untreated idiopathic scoliosis: a 50-year natural history study. JAMA. 2003;289(5):559–567. PMID 12578488.
  18. Lonstein JE, Carlson JM. The prediction of curve progression in untreated idiopathic scoliosis during growth. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1984;66(7):1061–1071. PMID 6480635.
  19. Dolan LA, Weinstein SL. Surgical rates after observation and bracing for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: an evidence-based review. Spine. 2007;32(19 Suppl):S91–S100. PMID 17728687.
  20. Karavidas N. Bracing in the treatment of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: evidence to date. Adolesc Health Med Ther. 2019;10:153–172. PMID 31632169.
  21. Kuroki H, Inomata N, Hamanaka H, et al. Efficacy of the Osaka Medical College (OMC) brace in the treatment of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis following Scoliosis Research Society brace studies criteria. Scoliosis. 2015;10:12 (Japan). PMID 25932040.
  22. Kuroki H. Brace treatment for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. J Clin Med. 2018;7(6):136 (Japan). PMID 29867010.
  23. van den Bogaart M, van Royen BJ, Haanstra TM, de Kleuver M, Faraj SSA. Predictive factors for brace treatment outcome in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: a best-evidence synthesis. Eur Spine J. 2019;28(3):511–525. PMID 30607519.
  24. Emans JB, Kaelin A, Bancel P, Hall JE, Miller ME. The Boston bracing system for idiopathic scoliosis: follow-up results in 295 patients. Spine. 1986;11(8):792–801. PMID 3810295.
  25. Katz DE, Herring JA, Browne RH, Kelly DM, Birch JG. Brace wear control of curve progression in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2010;92(6):1343–1352. PMID 20516309.
  26. Almansour H, Pepke W, Bruckner T, Diebo BG, Akbar M. Three-dimensional analysis of initial brace correction in the setting of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. J Clin Med. 2019;8(11):1804. PMID 31661811.

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