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Ortosis

Neuroma Morton: memahami penyakit dan peran ortosis

Nyeri terbakar atau kebas di depan telapak kaki antara jari 3 dan 4? Ringkasan bukti PubMed tentang diagnosis, tangga terapi, dan mengapa insol serta bantalan metatarsal menjadi langkah pertama.

Neuroma Morton: memahami penyakit dan peran ortosis

Neuroma Morton adalah penyebab utama nyeri tajam, terbakar, atau kebas di bagian depan telapak kaki, biasanya di antara jari 3 dan 4. Kabar baiknya, sebagian besar penderita membaik tanpa operasi, dan ortosis serta alas kaki yang sesuai adalah langkah pertama.

Berikut ringkasan bukti PubMed. Artikel lengkap dengan tabel tersedia dalam bahasa Vietnam dan Inggris.

Poin utama

  • Neuroma ini bukan tumor sejati dan bukan kanker: saraf di antara tulang metatarsal tertekan dan teriritasi berulang.
  • Wanita paruh baya terkena minimal 5 kali lebih sering; faktor risiko: sepatu sempit, hak tinggi, deformitas jari.
  • Diagnosis terutama klinis; USG dan MRI sama akuratnya (sensitivitas 0,91 dan 0,90).
  • Terapi bertingkat: 1) alas kaki dan ortosis, 2) suntikan kortikosteroid, 3) operasi bila terapi konservatif gagal.
  • Insol yang hanya memiringkan ke dalam atau ke luar tidak dianjurkan; perlu pengurangan beban tepat di area kepala metatarsal.
How to read: three steps rising from left to right. Start at step 1 and move up only if, after about 3 months, relief is not enough. STEP 1 – wide-toe shoes plus orthoses: about 41% improved enough not to need more treatment (Bennett 1995; 47/115 patients). STEP 2 – corticosteroid injection: pain relief and better function for at least 3 months (Thomson 2013; 131 patients). STEP 3 – surgery when conservative treatment fails: 82% good or very good results but 71% still limited in choosing shoes (Pace 2010). Orthoses accompany the patient at all three steps.
How to read: three steps rising from left to right. Start at step 1 and move up only if, after about 3 months, relief is not enough. STEP 1 – wide-toe shoes plus orthoses: about 41% improved enough not to need more treatment (Bennett 1995; 47/115 patients). STEP 2 – corticosteroid injection: pain relief and better function for at least 3 months (Thomson 2013; 131 patients). STEP 3 – surgery when conservative treatment fails: 82% good or very good results but 71% still limited in choosing shoes (Pace 2010). Orthoses accompany the patient at all three steps.

Bukti ilmiah

  • Uji acak yang sama dari Brasil: tindak lanjut pada minggu 6, 12, dan 24; insol khusus lebih baik daripada insol datar.
  • Bantalan metatarsal menurunkan tekanan puncak di depan kaki; penempatan terbaik sekitar 5 mm di belakang kepala metatarsal.
  • Setelah 12 bulan, 63% kelompok ganti sepatu dan ortosis nyerinya berkurang total atau sebagian, dibanding 82% kelompok suntik; perbedaan tidak lagi bermakna (studi berkualitas rendah).
  • Setelah eksisi saraf, 82% hasilnya baik, tetapi 71% masih terbatas dalam memilih sepatu.
Ultrasound: a hypoechoic mass (arrow) between the metatarsal heads (source: dungcuchinhhinh.vn)
Ultrasound: a hypoechoic mass (arrow) between the metatarsal heads (source: dungcuchinhhinh.vn)
Axial MRI of the forefoot: Morton’s neuroma (arrow) (source: dungcuchinhhinh.vn)
Axial MRI of the forefoot: Morton’s neuroma (arrow) (source: dungcuchinhhinh.vn)
Intra-operative view: Morton’s neuroma (arrow) (source: dungcuchinhhinh.vn)
Intra-operative view: Morton’s neuroma (arrow) (source: dungcuchinhhinh.vn)

Saran praktis

  • Pilih sepatu berujung lebar dengan hak rendah; cobalah di akhir hari.
  • Beri ortosis minimal 3 bulan sebelum menilai perlunya langkah berikutnya; pakai insol secara rutin dan periksa keausannya.
  • Insol harus dinilai dan disesuaikan oleh ahli ortotik: bantalan yang bergeser beberapa milimeter mengubah distribusi tekanan.
  • Temui dokter bila nyeri berlangsung lebih dari beberapa minggu, atau ada bengkak, kemerahan, cedera, atau diabetes.

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Referensi

  1. Morton Neuroma. StatPearls, NCBI Bookshelf.
  2. Morton’s neuroma – Current concepts review. J Clin Orthop Trauma. 2020. PMID 32405199.
  3. Sharp RJ, Wade CM, Hennessy MS, Saxby TS. The role of MRI and ultrasound imaging in Morton’s neuroma and the effect of size of lesion on symptoms. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2003;85(7):999–1005.
  4. Xu Z, et al. Ultrasound versus magnetic resonance imaging for Morton neuroma: systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Radiol. 2015. PMID 25809742.
  5. MRI and ultrasonography in Morton’s neuroma: diagnostic accuracy and correlation. PMID 22719120.
  6. de Oliveira HAV, Natour J, Vassalli M, Rosenfeld A, Jennings F, Jones A. Effectiveness of customized insoles in patients with Morton’s neuroma: a randomized, controlled, double-blind clinical trial. Clin Rehabil. 2019;33(12):1898–1907. PMID 31505943.
  7. Kilmartin TE, Wallace WA. Effect of pronation and supination orthosis on Morton’s neuroma and lower extremity function. Foot Ankle Int. 1994;15(5):256–262.
  8. Bennett GL, Graham CE, Mauldin DM. Morton’s interdigital neuroma: a comprehensive treatment protocol. Foot Ankle Int. 1995;16(12):760–763. PMID 8749346.
  9. Saygi B, Yildirim Y, Saygi EK, Kara H, Esemenli T. Morton neuroma: comparative results of two conservative methods. Foot Ankle Int. 2005;26(7):556–559.
  10. Thomson CE, Beggs I, Martin DJ, et al. Methylprednisolone injections for the treatment of Morton neuroma: a patient-blinded randomized trial. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2013;95(9):790–798.
  11. Matthews BG, Hurn SE, Harding MP, Henry RA, Ware RS. The effectiveness of non-surgical interventions for common plantar digital compressive neuropathy (Morton’s neuroma): a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Foot Ankle Res. 2019;12:12. PMID 30809275.
  12. Effects of metatarsal domes on plantar pressures in older people with a history of forefoot pain. J Foot Ankle Res.
  13. Pace A, Scammell B, Dhar S. The outcome of Morton’s neurectomy in the treatment of metatarsalgia. Int Orthop. 2010;34(4). PMID 19484237.
  14. Nery CAS, Barroco RS, Furlan C, et al. Morton’s neuroma treatment through plantar port: retrospective assessment of surgical outcomes. Acta Ortop Bras. 2007;15(1):55–58.
  15. Long-term results of dorsal neuroma/nerve transposition in the surgical management of Morton’s neuroma and correlation with intraoperative anatomical variations. J Orthop Surg Res. 2022. PMID 35033145.
  16. Thomson CE, Gibson JNA, Martin D. Interventions for the treatment of Morton’s neuroma. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2004;(3):CD003118.
  17. Hình ảnh minh họa / Illustrations: dungcuchinhhinh.vn (website của Lê Hoàn Prosthetics & Orthotics)

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